Environmental Science : Chapter 5,6,7

 Chapter 7: Human Population

1. At present time _ country is no.1 in case of population.

Ans: China

2. Within a range of distribution of world's population India is on __ number.

Ans: Second

3. The determinants of population explosion are__

Ans: Birth rate , migration, death rate, etc.

4. Population explosion in India has created problems such as __

Ans: Poverty, unemployment, pollution,etc.

5. To control over population in India one effective method is ___

Ans: Family welfare programme

6. In our country, the protection of Human Rights Act, 1993 came into existance on __

Ans: 28th September 1993

7. Out of the following values __  is a values which are essential in education.

Answer: All the values, sense of social responsibilities , co-operative spirit, environmental sensitivity are essential.

8. The full form of AIDS is ___

Ans:Acquired Immuno Deficiency Syndrome

9. World AIDS day is ___

Ans: December 1st

Q. Write a short note on Human rights.

Answer: Human rights are basic rights and freedoms that are entitled to every individual, regardless of their race, gender, religion, nationality, or any other status. These rights include the right to life, freedom from torture, freedom of speech, and the right to an education. They are enshrined in international laws and treaties, and are meant to ensure that all people can live with dignity, equality, and justice.

Q. Write a short note on value education.

Answer: Value education is the process of inculcating moral and ethical values in individuals. It involves teaching individuals the importance of values such as honesty, respect, compassion, responsibility, and tolerance, among others. Value education helps individuals to develop a strong sense of social responsibility and ethical awareness, which is essential for creating a peaceful and harmonious society.

Q. Write a short note on HIV/ AIDS.

Answer: HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) is a virus that attacks the immune system, leading to a weakened immune system and increased vulnerability to other infections and illnesses. AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome) is a condition that occurs when the HIV infection has progressed to a point where the immune system is severely compromised. HIV/AIDS is a global public health challenge, and efforts are ongoing to prevent its spread, provide treatment and care for those affected, and find a cure.

Q. Write a short note on Family welfare programme.

Answer: Family welfare programme is a government initiative aimed at promoting family planning and reproductive health services. The programme aims to provide information and access to contraceptives, as well as maternal and child health services, to ensure the health and well-being of families. The programme also includes measures to promote the education and empowerment of women, as well as efforts to reduce maternal and child mortality rates.

Q. Write a short note on population explosion.

Answer: Population explosion refers to the rapid and unsustainable increase in human population, which has led to numerous environmental, social, and economic challenges. The growth of human population is putting increasing pressure on natural resources, leading to deforestation, pollution, and climate change. Population explosion has also led to social challenges such as poverty, unemployment, and inequality, as well as challenges in providing healthcare, education, and other essential services to all.

Q. Write a short note on role of IT in protection of environment.

Answer: IT (Information Technology) has an important role to play in the protection of the environment. IT can be used to collect and analyze data on environmental conditions, as well as to develop and implement sustainable solutions to environmental problems. IT can also be used to promote environmental awareness and education, as well as to facilitate communication and collaboration among stakeholders working on environmental issues.

Q. Write a short note on role of IT in human health.

Answer:  IT has had a transformative impact on human health, from improving access to healthcare services to advancing medical research and treatment. IT can be used to collect and analyze health data, develop electronic health records, and improve healthcare delivery through telemedicine and other digital health solutions. IT can also be used to promote health education and awareness, and to facilitate communication and collaboration among healthcare providers and patients.

Chapter 6: Social Issues and the Environment

1. The Water (Prevention and Control Pollution) Act was passed in___

Ans: 1974

2. The Air (Prevention and Control Pollution) Act was passed in ___

Ans: 1981

3. The Wildlife (Protection) Act was passed in ___

Ans: 1972

4. The Environment (Protection) Act was passed in ___

Ans: 1986

5. The World Environment Day is on ___ 

Ans: 5th June

6. An Increase in urbanisation creates __ types of problems.

Ans:V Various problems like housing , slum, pollution , etc.

7. From the different green house gases ___ type of gas is obtained in large quantities.

Answer: CO2 (Carbon Dioxide)

8. Effect of global warming occurs on____

Ans: Weather and climate, rise in sea level, fauna and flora, etc.

9. The rain having pH ___ is called acid rain.

Ans: <5.7

10. Acid rain mostly affects the ___

Ans: Both living and non living components

Q. Write a short note on.

1. Public Awareness.

Answer: Public awareness is the process of informing and educating the general public about an issue, concern or topic. It plays a crucial role in shaping the public's perceptions, attitudes and behaviors towards various social, economic, and environmental issues. Public awareness campaigns are designed to provide relevant information and to promote social responsibility and civic engagement. Public awareness is important in raising awareness about environmental issues, such as pollution, climate change, and deforestation, and encouraging people to adopt sustainable practices.

2. Management and conservation of environment - A need of time.

Answer: A need of time: Management and conservation of the environment is the need of the time, as it is crucial for the survival of all living organisms on the planet. Environmental conservation refers to the protection, preservation, and restoration of natural resources and ecosystems, while environmental management involves the sustainable use and development of these resources. The increasing population, industrialization, and urbanization have led to a rapid degradation of the environment, making it imperative to manage and conserve the environment for future generations.

3. The Air (Prevention and Control Pollution ) Act, 1981

Answer: The Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act was enacted in 1981 to regulate and control air pollution in India. The Act provides for the prevention, control, and abatement of air pollution, and empowers the Central and State Pollution Control Boards to take necessary measures to monitor and control air pollution. The Act also provides for penalties and punishment for violators.

4. The environment (Protection ) Act , 1986.

Answer:  This Act provides for the protection and improvement of the environment and prevention of hazards to human beings, other living creatures, plants, and property. It empowers the central government to take necessary measures to protect and improve the quality of the environment. It also provides for the establishment of authorities to regulate and control environmental pollution.

5. The Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution ) Act, 1974

Answer: This Act was enacted to provide for the prevention and control of water pollution and the maintenance or restoration of wholesomeness of water. It empowers the central and state governments to take measures to prevent and control water pollution. It also provides for the establishment of authorities to regulate and control water pollution.

6. The Forest (Conservation ) Act, 1980

Answer: This Act was enacted to provide for the conservation of forests and for matters connected therewith. It empowers the central government to regulate the diversion of forest lands for non-forestry purposes. It also provides for the establishment of authorities to manage and protect forest areas.

7. The Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972

Answer: This Act was enacted to provide for the protection of wild animals and birds and for matters connected therewith. It empowers the central and state governments to regulate hunting, possession, and trade of wildlife. It also provides for the establishment of authorities to manage and protect wildlife areas.

8. Green House Effect

Answer:  The greenhouse effect is a natural process that occurs when certain gases in the atmosphere trap and re-emit heat, thereby warming the Earth's surface. The greenhouse gases include water vapor, carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, and ozone. While the greenhouse effect is necessary to maintain a habitable temperature on Earth, human activities such as burning fossil fuels and deforestation have caused an increase in the concentration of these gases in the atmosphere, leading to an enhanced greenhouse effect and global warming.

9. Acid Rain 

Answer: Acid rain is a type of rain or other forms of precipitation that has high levels of acidity, typically caused by emissions of sulfur dioxide (SO2) and nitrogen oxides (NOx) from human activities like industrial processes and transportation. When these emissions mix with water vapor in the atmosphere, they form sulfuric acid and nitric acid, which then falls back to the earth's surface as acid rain.

Acid rain can have severe consequences for both the environment and human health. It can harm forests, lakes, rivers, and other aquatic ecosystems, leading to reduced biodiversity and even extinction of some species. Acid rain can also damage crops, buildings, and other structures, resulting in significant economic losses.

Chapter 5. Environmental Pollution 

1. What is pollution?

Ans: It is an undesirable change in physical, chemical or biological characteristics of air, water, and soil harmfully affect on human life or create a potential health hazard of any living organism is known as pollution.

2. What is pollutant?

Ans: The substance which causes pollution is known as pollutant.

3. Co, CO2, SO2, these are ___ pollutant.

Ans: Air

4. Soap, detergents, oil and grease are ___ pollutant.

Ans: water

5. Addition of any substance to water or changing of water's physical and chemical characteristics in any way which interferes with its use for legitimate purpose is called as __ _pollution.

Ans: Water

6.  On the earth, the ratio of distribution of water and soil is __ percentage.

Ans: 71:29

7. Chemical fertilizers, pesticides, and insecticides are mostly ___ pollutant.

Answer: soil

8. In the atmosphere the percentage of nitrogen is ___

Ans: 78%

9.  In the atmosphere the percentage of oxygen is ___

Ans: 21

10. The pollutants which are emitted directly from the sources are called as ____ pollutants

Ans: Primary

11. The pollutant those are formed in the atmosphere by chemical interactions among primary pollutant and normal atmospheric constituents are called as ___ pollutant.

Ans: secondary.

12. Smoke plus fog is called ___.

Answer: Smog

13. Dead areas on plants leaf structure by certain pollutant is called __ disease.

Answer: Necrosis

14. In Minamata bay methyl mercury causes on disease called as ___ disease.

Ans: Minamata

15. Out of 71% of water on earth ___ percent of water in ocean is in the form of marine water.

Answer: 97 %

16. The effect of ionizing radiation on human being occurs as __

Ans: Both somatic and genetic effect

17. The effect of any type of pollution is hazardous because ____

Ans: It degrades our environment.

18. Droughts and floods is one of the __ type of disaster.

Ans :  Natural Disaster

Q. Write a short note on :

1. Pollutants.

Answer: Pollutants are substances that contaminate the environment and harm living beings. Pollutants can be in the form of solid, liquid, or gas. The sources of pollutants can be natural or human-made. Examples of pollutants include carbon monoxide, lead, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxide, and particulate matter.

2. Bio-degradable and non-biodegradable waste.

Answer: Bio-degradable waste is waste that can be broken down by microorganisms and is not harmful to the environment. Examples of bio-degradable waste include food waste, paper, and leaves. Non-biodegradable waste is waste that cannot be broken down by microorganisms and can cause harm to the environment. Examples of non-biodegradable waste include plastic, metals, and glass.

3. Primary Pollutants and secondary pollutants.

Answer: Primary pollutants are substances that are released directly into the environment and have an immediate impact on the environment. Examples of primary pollutants include carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, and particulate matter. Secondary pollutants are formed when primary pollutants react with each other or with other substances in the environment. Examples of secondary pollutants include ozone, acid rain, and photochemical smog.

4. Carbon dioxide and green house effects.

Answer: Carbon dioxide is a gas that is released into the atmosphere through natural processes and human activities such as burning of fossil fuels. Carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases trap heat in the atmosphere, leading to the greenhouse effect. This can cause global warming and climate change.

5. Photochemical smog.

Answer:  Photochemical smog is a type of air pollution that is caused by the reaction between sunlight and pollutants such as nitrogen oxides and volatile organic compounds. It is characterized by a yellow-brown haze and can cause respiratory problems.

6. Eutrophication

Answer: Eutrophication is a process in which excess nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus enter water bodies and cause an overgrowth of algae and other aquatic plants. This can lead to oxygen depletion in the water and harm aquatic life.

7. Mercury pollution and Minamata disease.

Answer: Mercury pollution is caused by the release of mercury into the environment through human activities such as mining and burning of fossil fuels. Exposure to mercury can lead to Minamata disease, which is a neurological disorder characterized by symptoms such as tremors and vision and hearing loss.

8. Ground water pollution.

Answer: Groundwater pollution is the contamination of groundwater resources by pollutants such as chemicals and microorganisms. This can lead to health problems and affect the quality of drinking water.

9. Marine pollution.

Answer: Marine pollution is the contamination of the ocean and other water bodies by pollutants such as plastic, oil, and chemicals. It can harm marine life and affect the quality of seafood.

10. Radiation pollution.

Answer: Radiation pollution is the contamination of the environment by ionizing radiation such as gamma rays and X-rays. It can cause health problems such as cancer and genetic mutations.

11. Disaster Management.

Answer: Disaster management refers to the process of preparing for, responding to, and recovering from natural or man-made disasters such as earthquakes, hurricanes, and industrial accidents.

12. Environmental Pollution- A global problem.

Answer: Environmental pollution is a global problem that affects the health and well-being of people and ecosystems around the world. It requires a collective effort from individuals, governments, and industries to reduce pollution and protect the environment for future generations.