Electronics 2: Embedded Systems for Internal Material

Chapter 1: Introduction to Embedded System 

Q. Define embedded systems.

Answer: Embedded systems are electronic systems which carry out limiteed and specific functionalties. They are special purpose hardware and special purpose software.

Q. What are characteristics of an embedded system.

Answer: Following are the characteristics:

1. Sepcific and task oriented.

2. Low power consumption

3. Highly reliable

4. Time constraint.

5. Tolerancee for harsh environments

6. Small form factor

Q. What is Soc ?

Answer: A SOC (System on Chip) facilitates all parts required for an operational computer on a single chip (integrated circuit). Unlike traditional motherboard systems which allow detachable componenets, here all parts are integrated into a single circuit.

Q. Give applications of Soc.

Answer: Following are the applications of SoCs:

1. Embedded Systems : In embedded systems like IoT devices, Industrial Iot Devices, or anything that requires embedded system's characteristics.

2. Smart Devices : Smart devices such as smartphones, smart watches, voice operated personal assistants, etc. are made with SoC.

Example: Motoral G8 using Qualcomm snap dragon 665 processor.

3. Computers: General computing devices such as tablet PCs or laptops are being made with SOC.

Q. What do you mean by SBC?

Answer: An SBC (Single board chip) is a complete computer built on a single circuit board with microprocessor , memory, I//O and other features required for a functioning computer. 

Examples: raspberry, beagle board and raspberry Pi.

Q. Give features of raspberry pi.

Answer: Features of raspberry pi are as follows:

1. Powerful yet small footprint.

2. Low cost 

3,. Highly programmable

4. Ease of application development

5. Several connectivity options

6. Community Support

Q. Give applications of embedded systems.

Answer: Applications of embedded systems can be :

1. Household  equipment : led lighting, tv player, music player, etc.

2. Industrial equipment: fire alarms, smoke detectors, robots.

3. Other equipment : Printer, cameras, car controlling system,etc.

Q. Applications of beagle board.

Answer: Applications of beagle board are as follows:

1. Set top box

2. Home automation

3. Robotics.

4. Security camera

Q. Arduino

Answer: Arduino is an open source electronics platform based on easy to use hardware and software. These arduino boards are able to read inputs , such as light on a sensor, finger on a button, or twitter message and turn it into an output, activating a motor, turning on LED and publishing something online.

It is used to make sensors, meters, robot arms, etc. which makes iot device development very easy

BLOCK DIAGRAMS:

Sbc Block Diagram

Soc Block Diagram

Chapter 2: Architecture of System on Chip

Q. Give advantages and disadvantages of SOC.

Answer: Advantages are:

1. Low cost 

2. Low power sonsumption

3. Faster circuit operation

4. More reliable implementation

5. More compact (small size)

Disadvantages 

1. These systems are complex in design so requires more verification

Q. What are ports of Raspberry Pi.

Answer: Following are the ports:

1. USB: They connect to mouse and keyboard.

2. HDMI : It outputs video and audio to monitor.

3. Audio: Allows to connect to standard headphones and speakers.

4. Micro USB: It always connects to power, after connecting everything else/

5. GPIO: It allows to take inputs and give outputs to electronic componenets.

6. SD card slot: It provides raspberry pi with internal memory and stores data in hard drive.

Q. Give pin description of raspberry pi.

Answer: 

1. It consists of 40 pins which allows for external connections with electronic evices.

2. 26 are digital I/O pins and 9 are dedicated I/O pins which indicate that they don't come with alternate functions.

3. Pin 3 and 5 come with on board pull up resistor. Pins 27 and 28 are dedicated to EEPROM.